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Hi,
This is such a comprehensive post. The breakdown of political competence into its four components, political knowledge, political interaction, political efficacy, and political activity, provides a comprehensive understanding of the skills and attributes required for effective political engagement within the nursing profession (Patton et al., 2019). Political knowledge is a crucial aspect of political competence. Nurses need to be well-informed about political processes, policies, and healthcare systems to navigate the complexities of the political landscape. Through political knowledge, nurses can analyze and assess the impact of political decisions on patient outcomes and advocate for necessary changes (Patton et al., 2019).
The dimension of political efficacy is also significant, as it encompasses internal and external political efficacy and pride in nursing. Nurses with a sense of efficacy in their political capabilities are more likely to engage in political activities and advocate for positive change (Patton et al., 2019). Nurses can effectively advocate for their profession’s and patients’ needs by building confidence in their abilities to influence political processes. Furthermore, the dimension of political activity emphasizes the importance of actively participating in politics. Nurses must be organized, committed to community service, and capable of building networks and persuading others (O’Malley, 2022). Nurses can directly impact shaping healthcare policies and improving patient outcomes by taking on political leadership roles, engaging in political advocacy, and participating in policy interventions.
I also agree with the significance of developing political competence skills to understand all aspects of politics. Nurses can navigate the legislative process effectively and eng" name="description">
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that can occur in patients who have suffered traumatic events such as the loss of a baby during birth, road accidents, sexual and physical assault, and the death of loved ones (Schrader et al., 2021). This condition lowers the quality of life; therefore, diagnosis and treatment must be achieved to help the patient. The critical feature in the occurrence of PTSD is are dysregulation of hormones. The primary hormones involved in this condition are cortisol and thyroid hormones. In patients with brain injury due to trauma, abnormal endocrine functioning is noted due to pituitary stalk damage. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis plays a significant role in controlling human stress, which is paramount in causing PTSD. The components of the HPA axis are the adrenal glands, hypothalamus, and anterior pituitary. Adrenal glands release glucocorticoids, adrenocorticotropin, and corticotropin-releasing hormones. Glucocorticoids regulate behavioral and physiological stress responses by controlling the brain’s functions and metabolism in the body. Neurotransmitters such as catecholamines, opioids, serotonin, and peptides are found in the brain’s circuits, and their dysregulation results in neurochemical features of PTSD.
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According to Forkus et al. (2023), To achieve a diagnosis of PTSD, some conditions in the DSM-V diagnostic criteria have to be met. The first criterion is that the patient should have been involved in any event that caused trauma. The second criterion is that the patient must have obsessive unpleasant, and disturbing ideas from the trauma, which could be nightmares, emotional distress, flashbacks, and distractions. The other criterion is that the patient avoids things related to the traumatic event, such as preventing flashbacks by keeping themselves busy. Negative affect and mood are the fourth diagnostic criteria. The fifth criterion is that the patient alters reactivity related to the evidence during trauma, like recklessness and sleep disturbance. In order to confirm a diagnosis of PTSD, the symptoms should persist for more than one month and not be related to other mental disorders. In the video presentation, the information given shows that the patient meets the criteria for diagnosis of this mental disorder. I also agree with the other diagnosis since the patient meets the diagnostic criteria for other mental conditions shown in the video.
Prolonged exposure is a good treatment option for this patient and is also considered the gold standard. Symptoms of PTSD can be reduced by facing the fears instilled during trauma. Many patients tend to avoid memories related to the traumatic event, but this is not right because it reinforces fear. Therefore, cognitive behavioral therapies such as prolonged exposure should be encouraged to help the patient overcome fear (Kaczkurkin et al., 2022). This treatment option has four components which include common reactions to trauma and education that involves the choice of treatment, encouraging relaxation by retraining breathing, performing safe activities using an object that was involved in trauma and the ones that the patients try to avoid and counting memories of trauma that the patient is experiencing. Notably, evidence-based treatment is essential to the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner because it improves patient outcomes and quality of care.
The supporting articles are considered scholarly because they have been peer-reviewed, and the authors are experts in psychiatric conditions. Professional language has also been used to write the articles (Roseby et al., 2021). Consistently, the information provided in the reports has been cited to avoid plagiarism and give credit to the authors whose ideas have been borrowed. The information has also been quoted from dependable sources with a good reputation, making them reliable. Lastly, the articles have references that were obtained from credited libraries, and the authors are associated with reputable research institutions.
Forkus, S. R., Raudales, A. M., Rafiuddin, H. S., Weiss, N. H., Messman, B. A., & Contractor, A. A. (2023). The Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM–5: A systematic review of existing psychometric evidence. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 30(1), 110.
Kaczkurkin, A. N., & Foa, E.
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